Does mongodb use one aggregate query $lookup, or multiple single table queries for associative queries between two tables?

mongodb join table queries can either use mongoose"s pupulate (), or aggregate $lookup, if you use two single table queries:

//one
{
   _id: "joe",
   name: "Joe Bookreader"
}
//two
{
   patron_id: "joe",
   street: "123 Fake Street",
   city: "Faketon",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}
{
   patron_id: "joe",
   street: "1 Some Other Street",
   city: "Boston",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}

db.ones.findOne({_id:"joe"))
db.twos.find({patron_id:"joe"})

when executing two single-table queries, _ id,patron_id has an index, and patron_id corresponds to the number of joe in single digits. The index granularity is very low and can Filter a lot of data. Should these two queries also be fast (both in memory)? who is more efficient than the $lookup query? Does the aggregation $lookup query do the same internally for two find queries, and whether there is an index on the foreignField corresponding key should affect the efficiency of the query?

db.ones.aggregate([
    {
      $lookup:
        {
          from: "twos",
          localField: "_id",
          foreignField: "patron_id",
          as: "arrs"
        }
   },
   { $match : {_id:"joe") }
])
Feb.13,2022
MySQL Query : SELECT * FROM `codeshelper`.`v9_news` WHERE status=99 AND catid='6' ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5
MySQL Error : Disk full (/tmp/#sql-temptable-64f5-1be9d74-3198b.MAI); waiting for someone to free some space... (errno: 28 "No space left on device")
MySQL Errno : 1021
Message : Disk full (/tmp/#sql-temptable-64f5-1be9d74-3198b.MAI); waiting for someone to free some space... (errno: 28 "No space left on device")
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