remember that the subject is to debug the program, so there is another way:
run on the command line, and add
-Xdebug-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=4004
(the middle parameters must be copied and pasted, anyway, it is to open debugging, open port 4004)
and then IDEA runs where there is a remote, equipped with a port.
the command line runs, the program will stop and wait for the connection, and the remote debug run in IDEA can be connected to debug.
(PS: I don't know what happens when the two sides of the code are different)

can only think of a curvilinear way to save the nation:
if the subject reads the command line with Scanner,
directly new Sacnner (new File ("...")) That's it

by the way, IDEA is already setting parameters here, and redirecting files into them is no longer a parameter.

now (2019.4) the latest version of IDEA has added this feature.

encountered the same problem. I was learning the code on algorithm 4 edition and testing it, and then looking for ways to change the small source code in the book, because the command line is a little troublesome to run (Intellij IDEA is so easy to use). Finally, a method is found: put the file path in the parameters of the test, and then add an operation to read the file to the standard input stream before the test code.

        FileInputStream input;
        try {
            input = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
            System.setIn(input);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }