Python alien invasion, armed spaceship, after the code is written, does not show bullets

according to the armed spaceship written in the book, it is written that it can move left and right, but when it comes to shooting (loading), it is copied according to the code in the book, and the running time does not show that there is a problem with the code, but it just presses the space bar and there are no bullets. Everything else is normal.

Code:

alien_invasion.py

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group

from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf

def run_game():
    -sharppygame
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
        (ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")

    -sharp
    ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
    -sharp
    bullets = Group()
            
    -sharp
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
        ship.update()
        bullets.update()
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)

run_game()


**game_functions.py**

import sys
import pygame

from bullet import Bullet

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        -sharpbullets
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
    """"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """"""
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()

        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)

        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event,ship)

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    """"""
    -sharp
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
    ship.blitme()
    
    -sharp
    pygame.display.flip()

    -sharp
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()


**bullet.py**

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    """"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
        """"""
        super(Bullet,self). __init__()
        self.screen = screen

        -sharp(0,0)
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,
            ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

        -sharp
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor


    def update(self):
        """"""
        -sharp
        self.y -= self.speed_factor
        -sharprect
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        """"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

settings.py

class Settings():
    """"""

    def __init__(self):
        """"""
        -sharp
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        -sharp
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5

        -sharp
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
        

ship.py

import pygame

class Ship():

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
        """"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        -sharp
        self.image = pygame.image.load("images/ship.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        -sharp
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom

        -sharpcenter
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

        -sharp
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        """"""
        -sharpcenterrect
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

        -sharpself.centerrect
        self.rect.centerx = self.center

    def blitme(self):
        """"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
Mar.09,2021

bullets in game_function.py are drawn before they are displayed on the screen
as follows:
-sharp redraws all bullets behind ships and aliens

for bullet in bullets.sprites():
    bullet.draw_bullet()
 ship.blitme()

-sharp makes the recently drawn screen visible

pygame.display.flip()


change
game_function.py

in this way.

-snip-
def update_screen (ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):

""""""
-sharp
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
ship.blitme()

-sharp
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
    bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitime()
    
-sharp
pygame.display.flip()



my code is also completely correct. Even if I open the code written by the editor, there are still no bullets


come uninvited!
where's your game_function.py? The
function module also needs to add relevant settings before the main program can be called. The
bullets.update () of the
main program should report an error here

.

also, the formal parameters in the function should be the same as those in the book

.

copy it patiently, don't worry,


I am the same problem, bullets will come out, but bullets will not move


has found the cause of the problem, you should be running in the virtual machine, the virtual machine to press and hold ctrl+space, can have bullets


Thank you boss, I am also this problem, according to the book, read for a long time, saw your post to solve the problem. Thank you


did you ask the problem master to solve the problem? I also encountered the same problem

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