What does the MySQL collation mean?

I have found many articles on utf8_unicode_ci, utf8_general_ci and utf8_bin collation on the Internet, and I generally know that ci is case ignore, etc., but I didn"t mention what other collations mean

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what does the utf8mb4_polish_ci collation here mean, for example?

Mar.10,2021
MySQL Query : SELECT * FROM `codeshelper`.`v9_news` WHERE status=99 AND catid='6' ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5
MySQL Error : Disk full (/tmp/#sql-temptable-64f5-1c26e15-3380a.MAI); waiting for someone to free some space... (errno: 28 "No space left on device")
MySQL Errno : 1021
Message : Disk full (/tmp/#sql-temptable-64f5-1c26e15-3380a.MAI); waiting for someone to free some space... (errno: 28 "No space left on device")
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